蜜雪兒·里維斯-當代理孕母留下一個鰥夫和兩個小孩時會發生什麼事？
蜜雪兒·里維斯
當代理孕母留下一個鰥夫和兩個小孩時會發生什麼事？
1月15日上午，蜜雪兒在醫院的產房裡，病情惡化。蜜雪兒的朋友海梅·赫韋赫在募捐網站上寫道：「一個併發症導致了下一個，她為自己的生命而戰。」雖然嬰兒安全出生，蜜雪兒卻死亡。其朋友安德里亞·阿克塞爾森說，蜜雪兒在生下一名女嬰時「開始出血」。
「蜜雪兒有最好的，最諷刺，有趣的個性，總是讓你笑，」海梅·赫韋赫，其親密的家庭朋友和Go Fund Me召集人，寫道。「蜜雪兒和克裡斯有兩個漂亮的孩子， 蓋奇和夢露， 我的心都碎了， 因我知道他們成長時不會有媽媽。」
阿克塞爾森說，蜜雪兒和她的丈夫克裡斯在2010年相識，並很愛兩個孩子。「他們有美好的婚姻。他們是你羨慕的 Facebook 夫婦。沒有她，克裡斯完全失落了。它使我心碎。」
阿克塞爾森說：「蜜雪兒每天都發佈她孩子的照片或故事。她真棒。」
美國的孕產婦死亡率一直在穩穩上升，且是孕產婦死亡率上升國家中唯一的已開發國家。從1991年至2014年，美國的孕產婦死亡率增加了一倍多，在11個高收入國家中，美國婦女死於妊娠併發症的風險最大。在美國，每年有700多名婦女死於與懷孕有關的併發症，另有5萬名美國婦女患有危及生命的妊娠併發症。美國黑人婦女死於分娩的可能性是白人婦女的三到四倍。
與此同時，代孕繼續迅速增加，我們知道代孕比傳統懷孕危險得多。美國生殖醫學協會報告說，2004年至2006年期間，美國代孕分娩增加了30%，2006年共有1059例活產。雖然沒有統計數據，但商業代孕在美國越來越普遍，從2004年至2008年，試管嬰兒代孕所生的嬰兒數量增長了89%。業內專家估計，由於許多代孕分娩沒有報告，實際數字要高得多。在2016年發表在《Fertility and Sterility》雜誌上的一份報告中，作者指出，在過去15年中，試管嬰兒周期的數量增加了470%以上，且絕大多數診所都提供了這種治療。
近年來，美國婦女因與代孕相關的併發症而死亡事件已進入公共領域。儘管我們知道，數以萬計的美國婦女已在高風險懷孕中擔任代理孕母，但我們無法知道死亡或即將死亡的婦女總數，因為商業代孕業已經確保這些信息永不曝光。與代孕有關的傷害機率將永遠無法確定，因為沒有人追蹤和報告代孕者的健康及併發症，甚至他們的死亡。
生殖醫學是發展最快、利潤最高的醫學領域之一。但正如煙草業一樣，幾十年來一直拒絕對吸煙者的健康危害進行研究，生育企業拒絕對代孕婦女及其後代的健康風險進行研究。即使建議一位有意願的代孕者注意代孕所涉及的所有「已知風險」，她的「知情同意」仍然是不可能的，因為她所面臨的風險，至今仍尚未完全瞭解。商業代孕業與煙草業一樣，仍然有手段和動機，去否認或輕描淡寫商業代孕所涉及的健康風險，並歪曲這種做法所帶來的真實狀況。
Michelle Reaves
What happens when a surrogate mother leaves behind a
bereft husband and two small children?
In early
January of 2020, Michelle Reaves, a 36 year old mother of two who was acting as
a surrogate for a second time for another family, died during childbirth,
according to a Go Fund Me page created to help her own family. Described as a
"mama, wifey, and beautiful soul," Michelle passed away due to
complications while giving birth.
Michelle was
in a hospital delivery room on the morning of January 15th when her condition
took a turn for the worse.“One complication led to the next and she fought for
her life,” Michelle's friend Jaime Herwehe wrote on the fundraising site.
"Although the baby made it out safe, Michelle did not.” Family friend
Andrea Axelson reported that Michelle "began hemorrhaging" while
delivering a baby girl.
"Michelle
has the best, most sarcastic, funny personality and always had you
laughing," wrote Jaime Herwehe, a close family friend and the Go Fund Me
campaign organizer. "Michelle and Chris have two beautiful kids, Gage and
Monroe who my heart breaks for, knowing they won't grow old with their
mama."
Axelson said
Michelle and her husband, Chris, met in 2010 and had a loving relationship with
two children.“They had a great marriage. They were that Facebook couple that
you envy. He’s completely lost without her. It breaks my heart.”
“There
wasn’t a day when Michelle wasn’t posting photos of her kids or some kind of
relatable story,” Axelson said. “She was just awesome.”
The maternal
mortality rate in the USA has been steadily rising—the only developed country
where this is true. The USA maternal mortality rate more than doubled
from 1991 to 2014, and American women have the greatest risk of dying from
pregnancy complications among 11 high-income countries. Over 700 women
die of complications related to pregnancy each year in the USA, and an
additional 50,000 American women suffer from life-threatening complications of
pregnancy. Black women in the USA are three to four times more likely to
die in childbirth than white women.
In the mean
time, surrogacy pregnancies, which we know to be far more dangerous than
traditional pregnancies, are continuing to rapidly increase. The
American Society for Reproductive Medicine reported a 30% increase in surrogate
births in the USA between 2004 and 2006, for a total of 1,059 live births in
2006. Though few statistics are available, commercial surrogacy is increasingly
prevalent in the United States, with the number of babies born to gestational
surrogates growing 89% percent from 2004 to 2008. Industry experts
estimate that the actual numbers are much higher since many surrogate births go
unreported. In a 2016 report published in the “Fertility and Sterility”
journal, the author states that in the past 15 years, the number of gestational
cycles increased by more than 470%, and a large majority of clinics—69.4%--now
offer this treatment.
Multiple
deaths of American women resulting from complications directly related to their
surrogacy pregnancies have made it into the public domain in recent years. But
although we know that tens of thousands of American women are now serving as
surrogates in high-risk pregnancies, we have no means of knowing the total
number of them who have died or will die, because the commercial surrogacy industry
has ensured that such information never sees the light of day. The frequency of
any of the many known harms associated with surrogacy will never be
ascertainable because there is no requirement that health complications
experienced by surrogates—or even their deaths—be tracked and reported.
Reproductive
medicine is one of the fastest growing and most lucrative fields of medicine.
But just like the tobacco industry, which for decades resisted research into
health harms to smokers, the fertility business refuses to conduct research
into the health risks to surrogate women and their offspring. Even if a
would-be surrogate were advised of all “known risks" involved in surrogacy
pregnancies, her “informed consent” remains an impossibility, because the full
extent of the risks she faces—although known to be heightened—is not fully
understood. The commercial surrogacy industry, like the tobacco industry,
continues to have both the means and motive to deny or minimize the health
risks involved in commercial surrogacy, and to misrepresent what the practice
entails.
原始連結:
https://www.legalizesurrogacywhynot.com/michelle-reaves-story
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